Jens 'n' Frens
Idle thoughts of a relatively libertarian Republican in Cambridge, MA, and whomever he invites. Mostly political.

"A strong conviction that something must be done is the parent of many bad measures."
  -- Daniel Webster



Saturday, August 26, 2006 :::
 

Chetly Zarko (clearly one of the coolest names in the blogosphere) reports that
The [Michigan Civil Rights] Commission has declared that all "comprehensive" health plans must reimburse prescription "contraceptive" programs for women because pregnancy only directly affects women.
He links to the source material, which presumably describes "comprehensive" more precisely. Zarko notes:
Page 4 of the report makes this observation:

Exclusion of contraceptives becomes more obvious when, as is often the case, a health plan covers medication like Viagra, a prescription used solely by men.


If the decision were limited to such cases, where employers reimbursed male-sex-related drugs but didn't for contraceptives, I would have no problem with it. In fact, that sounds like a mighty good standard, one that strikes at the heart of common-sense. Nonetheless, the Commission chose to focus on all "comprehensive" plans, and defines comprehensive for the market.
I've seen this analogy between Viagra and birth control before. I reject it for a couple of reasons.

First, erectile disfunction is a disfunction in a way that fertility is not. It's hardly life-threatening for a man not to be able to get an erection, but one expects that a typical, healthy adult male can do so. If a woman between 15-45 is fertile, this is not generally considered unfortunate or embarassing or abnormal.

Beyond any subjective sense of what is "normal" or "healthy", though, I think we need to keep in mind what the purpose of insurance is. Insurance is not supposed to cover all expenses, it is supposed to cover surprising expenses. Insurance premiums tend to be 35% higher than expected losses (give or take a large amount). Spending this extra amount to reduce risk makes sense. Spending $135 for a certain number of birth control pills so the insurance company will buy you $100-worth doesn't.

Fertility treatment might be a better analogy, since a heterosexual couple in which the woman is between 15 and 45 (well, 40) generally expects to be fertile, and incurs a large expense trying to have kids only if the couple is unusually unfortunate. I suppose this analogy is flawed, too; fertility treatment isn't really a woman's health issue more than a man's, since fertility treatment is a large expense incurred by a couple such that the couple can have kids, with the bulk of the burden being on the woman. Also, it's my understanding that when a young couple is infertile, it's usually a problem in the man's plumbing rather than the woman's.

Of course, health care coverage has generally gone way beyond actual insurance. And I think it makes sense for health care payors to pay for preventive care, even though this goes beyond the mandate of "insurance", since it can reduce their future expenses. But a lot of health-care plans cover everything under the sun, including many expenses which are elective and expectable. It may make sense for such programs to include birth control in their mandates, especially if they treat non-life-threatening problems like erectile disfunction. But paying for Viagra and not paying for the pill is not at odds with rationality and fairness, the way treating prostate cancer but not breast cancer would be.


::: posted by Steven at 12:32 PM


Comments:
A quick touch on your note on preventatitve maintenance: I understand that a lot of corporate insurance is combined with, if you will, a grant of authority to reduce the moral hazard; a company that insures against warehouse fires will retrofit the building for sprinklers, for example. At some point it becomes less a classical insurance company (just as with health care) and more of a disaster-prevention company that finds itself financially on the hook for failures, whether or not they could have reasonably been avoided.
 
"Insurance is not supposed to cover all expenses, it is supposed to cover surprising expenses."

The concept of life insurance, on first reflection, is amusingly inconsistent with this explanation. (Okay, term life insurance solves the problem.)
 
Chet here.

Your points are well-taken, and my point was not Viagra coverage necessarily is irrational or discriminatory, but that a Commission ruling that found that Viagra coverage sans birth control was an indicator of male bias would not be an untenable conclusion. The current ruling is untenable though - just because a plan is "comprehensive" requires that birth control be included is far less supportable than the example the Commission uses to support its conclusion (the Viagra discrepancy).

Regardless, I believe that neither Viagra or birth control should generally be covered, since they are ongoing expense that are predictable and not serious expenses, and the insurance invariably costs more than simple private market purchasing of the services/goods. Insurance not only spreads risk out over time, but it spreads costs out over pools of people, so it unfair to make others bear the burden of routine expenses such as these (certain preventative coverage is exception).

Regardless, if we moved our system to cover only catastrophic event and phased to a Health Saving Account benefit package for the remainder (people could use the HSA for almost anything routine, or simply save all of it and cash it in retirement), then almost all these moral and economic issues would disappear, and we'd save hundreds of billions as a society.
 
I agree with pretty much everything Chet says in his comment. I'd even allow the Viagra-contraception analogy in a collection of circumstantial evidence that an insurance company is discrimination against women. A tight analogy -- coverage of one symptom and failure to cover another symptom that absolutely can't be explained by means other than sex discrimination -- is unlikely to be found, even if a company were discrimnating irrationally by sex.

My point was just that this, by itself, would not justify a charge of sexism, because there's a quite reasonable case to be made for covering Viagra but not the pill.
 
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Idle thoughts of a relatively libertarian Republican in Cambridge, MA, and whomever he invites. Mostly political.


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